Design of UAV shelters
Standards
The design of protective enclosing structures follows the requirements of SP 20.1330, 296.132580, 56.13330, 267.1325800, 88.13330 and 35.13330-2003. The design solutions ensure compliance with mechanical and fire safety requirements as well as serviceability for users and bystanders.
SP 542.1325800.2024 is the first Russian regulatory document establishing uniform rules for designing protective enclosing structures against UAV attacks. It came into force on 26 January 2025 and is mandatory for state expert review.
Input data
The design and development of protective enclosing structures takes into account
- Type of facility: from strategically important sites to small private businesses
- Features of the surrounding area: analysis of local factors, geography, climate, proximity to other facilities
- Mass of the explosive charge
- UAV characteristics: speed, mass, size.
When developing a protective enclosing structure project we take into account the types of unmanned aerial vehicles most likely at the location of the protected facility.
The impact load from a UAV collision is taken into account when calculating the structures.
Threat level assessment
Summary table of characteristics for UAVs and the protection level of the facility.
| UAV types | Protection levels | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | |
| Small | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Light | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | — |
| Medium | ✓ | ✓ | — | — |
| Drop capability | ✓ | — | — | — |
Protected facilities
Fuel tanks
Single tanks and tank farms (from 5 to 20 thousand m3) are protected by structures covered with UHMWPE netting in several layers.
Open transformer installations
from 10 to 700 kV
Spatial trusses covered with UHMWPE netting in several layers are used. The structures comply with the electrical installation operating rules.
Premises with critical infrastructure elements
Premises are protected with attached frames made of spatial trusses fitted with UHMWPE netting in one or two layers.
Liquid tanks and pressure vessels
Pressure vessels and tanks are protected by spatial steel truss structures covered with UHMWPE netting in one or several layers.